Spinal Injuries & Trauma
Spondylolysis
Understanding Stress Fractures in the Spine
Spondylolysis is a condition where a small stress fracture develops in a part of the vertebra called the pars interarticularis. This is a thin bone segment that helps connect the vertebra together. When it weakens or fractures, the spine may become unstable. At Desert Spine and Pain, we know patients often feel anxious when diagnosed with “a fracture in the spine.” The good news is that many cases of spondylolysis heal without surgery. Led by Dr. David L. Greenwald, M.D., FAANS, FACS, a nationally recognized neurosurgeon, our Phoenix team specializes in diagnosing and treating this condition with reassurance, conservative care, and minimally invasive surgical options if needed.
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What Is Spondylolysis?
A stress fracture in the pars interarticularis of a vertebra
Most often occurs in the lumbar spine (lower back)
Common in athletes, especially gymnasts, football players, and weightlifters
May lead to spondylolisthesis if the fractured vertebra slips forward
Causes and Risk Factors
Repetitive stress – Sports or activities involving repeated back bending or twisting
Genetics – Some individuals have thinner pars bones, making them more vulnerable
Trauma – Acute injury, though less common than repetitive stress
Age – Most often seen in teens and young adults due to activity levels
Sports participation – Gymnastics, diving, football, weightlifting, wrestling, and dance are common triggers
Symptoms of Spondylolysis
Lower back pain, especially with activity
Pain that improves with rest
Stiffness and reduced flexibility
Pain with bending backward (extension)
Hamstring tightness
Sometimes no symptoms — found incidentally on imaging
Diagnosis
At Desert Spine and Pain, evaluation for spondylolysis includes:
Medical history & exam – Assessing pain patterns and physical activities
Imaging –
X-rays may show a fracture line in the pars interarticularis
MRI can detect early stress reactions before a full fracture occurs
CT scans provide detailed bone images if needed
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Care (most common)
Rest and activity modification
Medications for pain and inflammation
Bracing to allow the fracture to heal (in select cases)
Physical Therapy to strengthen the core and improve flexibility
Gradual return to sports with guidance
Surgical Care (rare)
If conservative care fails or the fracture causes instability:
Pars repair – Specialized surgery to stabilize the fracture site
Spinal Fusion – For severe cases or when slippage (spondylolisthesis) occurs
Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) – Smaller incisions, faster recovery
Recovery Timeline
Conservative care – Most athletes return to activity in 3–6 months after rest and therapy
Surgery – Recovery may take several months but often allows return to sports after healing
Why Choose Desert Spine and Pain?
Nationally recognized neurosurgeon – Dr. Greenwald specializes in diagnosing and treating sports-related spine conditions
Conservative-first care – Surgery is rarely needed and only considered after other options fail
Expert care for athletes – Helping young and active patients return safely to sports
Compassionate support – We explain conditions clearly to reduce fear and uncertainty
Frequently Asked Questions
Is spondylolysis the same as spondylolisthesis?
No. Spondylolysis is a fracture of the pars. Spondylolisthesis occurs when that fracture causes the vertebra to slip forward.
Can spondylolysis heal on its own?
Yes. With rest, bracing, and therapy, many stress fractures heal fully.
Does spondylolysis always cause symptoms?
No. Some patients have no symptoms, and the fracture is found on imaging.
Do all cases require surgery?
No. Surgery is rarely needed unless the fracture fails to heal or slippage develops.
How does Desert Spine and Pain treat spondylolysis differently?
We provide expert diagnostics, athlete-specific treatment plans, and advanced minimally invasive surgical options if necessary.
Dr. David L. Greenwald, MD
Neuro-Spine Surgeon
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If you’ve been diagnosed with spondylolysis or are experiencing persistent lower back pain, early evaluation and treatment can prevent the condition from worsening. Dr. Greenwald and his caring team are here to help you find lasting relief through personalized, effective spine care. Whether through non-surgical methods or advanced minimally invasive options, we’ll guide you toward a stronger, healthier back. Schedule your consultation today and take the first step toward recovery and long-term spinal health.
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Dr. David L. Greenwald, M.D., F.A.C.S.
Neurosurgeon | Spine Surgeon | Regenerative Medicine
Dr. David L. Greenwald, MD, FACS, is a board-certified spine surgeon with extensive experience treating spondylolysis, a stress fracture or defect in the pars interarticularis—the small bone connecting the facet joints in the spine. This condition often affects athletes and individuals who perform repetitive bending or twisting motions and can lead to lower back pain or, in some cases, progress to spondylolisthesis. Dr. Greenwald uses advanced diagnostic imaging to pinpoint the exact location and severity of the defect and develops personalized treatment plans focused on promoting healing and relieving pain. His approach may include bracing, physical therapy, targeted pain management, or minimally invasive surgical repair when necessary. Patients throughout South Florida trust Dr. Greenwald for his precision, expertise, and compassionate care in restoring spinal stability and function.
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